As
an addition to medication, psychosocial treatments-including
certain forms of psychotherapy (or "talk" therapy)-are
helpful in providing support, education, and guidance to people
with bipolar disorder and their families. Studies have shown
that psychosocial interventions can lead to increased mood stability,
fewer hospitalizations, and improved functioning in several
areas.13 A licensed psychologist, social worker, or counselor
typically provides these therapies and often works together
with the psychiatrist to monitor a patient's progress. The number,
frequency, and type of sessions should be based on the treatment
needs of each person.
Psychosocial interventions commonly used for bipolar disorder
are cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, family therapy,
and a newer technique, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy.
NIMH researchers are studying how these interventions compare
to one another when added to medication treatment for bipolar
disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps people with bipolar
disorder learn to change inappropriate or negative thought patterns
and behaviors associated with the illness. Psychoeducation involves
teaching people with bipolar disorder about the illness and
its treatment, and how to recognize signs of relapse so that
early intervention can be sought before a full-blown illness
episode occurs. Psychoeducation also may be helpful for family
members.
Family therapy uses strategies to reduce the level of distress
within the family that may either contribute to or result from
the ill person's symptoms. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
helps people with bipolar disorder both to improve interpersonal
relationships and to regularize their daily routines. Regular
daily routines and sleep schedules may help protect against
manic episodes. As with medication, it is important to follow
the treatment plan for any psychosocial intervention to achieve
the greatest benefit.
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